At the Political Studies Association (PSA), we are committed to fostering an environment that is accessible and inclusive to all. We encourage our members and guests to help ensure everyone feels welcome by being an active bystander.
What does it mean?
Being an active bystander means being aware of behaviours or systems that may cause harm or alienate a person or group, and choosing to intervene. This applies not just to individual interactions, but also to systems, structures, and processes designed to exclude certain groups.
The 4 D's approach
We understand that sometimes intervening can feel daunting. This is why we recommend using the 4 D’s approach, which offers practical and flexible ways to respond. You may choose whichever is safe and appropriate for the situation.
Direct
Intervene directly if it is physically and psychologically safe to do so: verbally or through body language.
“I think you should refrain from using phrases like that. We should be more respectful.”
Distract
Interrupt the situation indirectly: change the subject, ask an unrelated question, or create a diversion to shift attention.
“Sorry to jump in; I think we’re running short on time, can we move to the next question?”
Delegate
Report to a more appropriate authority: event organisers, security, or other relevant personnel.
To the session chair afterwards: “I’ve been reflecting on some of the exchanges in that panel, I think it’s worth flagging to the programme team.”
Delay
If unable to intervene immediately: intervene afterwards through the appropriate channels. If possible, check in with the person afterwards, recognising the situation and offering support.
To the person affected after the session: “I noticed some of those comments were directed at you in a way that didn’t feel fair, how are you doing?”
When can you be an active bystander?
Being an active bystander applies across various contexts such as everyday conversations, decision-making and process design, conferences and events, peer review, social gatherings, lectures, workshops, and meetings.
Watch our resources
We have produced two short videos to help bring the active bystander concept to life. The first introduces PSA’s commitment to a welcoming, respectful and inclusive environment, highlighting the role we can all play by being active bystanders. The second shows what this might look like in practice.
We encourage those interested to read about our anti-harassment and complaints policies.
